In the absence of Pdcd10 in the venous/venous capillary C9 and tip cell C1 and C6 ECs, the biological processes implicated in CCM pathology were mainly altered, which included angiogenesis, cell differentiation, coagulation, immune responses, and cell apoptosis (Figure 2E; Supplementary file 4). The gene discussed is PDCD10; the disease is cerebral cavernous malformation.