However, previous studies reported that an ethanol extract of A. lappa root exhibited profound cytotoxic potency against Jurkat T-cell leukemia cells upon treatment for 24 h (IC50: 102.2 ± 42.4 μg/mL), by DNA fragmentation and induction of intrinsic apoptosis associated with loss of MMP and activation of caspase-3/7 without toxicity towards non-cancerous murine embryonic 3T3 fibroblasts [29]. Here, CASP3 is linked to T-cell leukemia.