Indeed, Kaufmann et al. demonstrated that VCAM-1-targeted microbubble attachment was specific to the severity of inflammation in atherosclerosis depending on the in vivo model used: the signal enhancement was much greater in ApoE−/− mice on a hypercholesterolemic diet than in ApoE−/− on a chow diet and was low or absent in wild-type mice on a chow diet [103]. The gene discussed is APOE; the disease is atherosclerosis.