VEGFD and colitis: As expected, DSS treatment increased VEGF-C, -D, and VEGFR-3 levels in colitis mice, whereas concurrent treatment with Art clearly decreased the DSS-induced increase in VEGF-C (p < 0.01), VEGF-D (p < 0.01), and VEGFR-3 (p < 0.001) mRNA levels (Figure 4a–c).