NRAS and melanoma: In malignant melanoma, oncogenic NRAS has been shown to affect growth pattern, motility and ECM degradation [47]; and in malignant PPGLs, altered cellular adhesion and ECM remodelling leading to increased tumour cell migration or invasion have been observed, attributed either directly due to malignancy-prone SDHB mutations [48,49,50] or accumulation of somatic mutations [24].