TNF and neoplasm: The functions of the gut microbiome include the metabolism of diet components and vitamin production, as well as release of short chain fatty acids, microbial metabolites that further promote anti-inflammatory responses such as the release of interleukin (IL) 10, the inhibition of IL-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF) [14] and the activation of G protein-coupled receptors, present on epithelial cells as well as immune cells, and have a wide range of immune-inflammatory responses, including tumour cell deactivation [15,16].