In a study by Geng et al. (2010), Porphyromonas gingivalis was found to be associated with the upregulation of colon cancer-associated transcript 1, a long, non-coding RNA that has been found to be upregulated in several cancers and has also been described in oral epithelial cells, as well as in the upregulation of the enzyme production; nicotinamide N methyltransferase, which has been associated with malignancy and cancer stem cells, and was also detected in OSCC patients [93]. This evidence concerns the gene NNMT and cancer.