Leptin modulates the activity of several neuronal populations involved in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis in the central nervous system, including the proopiomelanocortin (POMC) producing neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, exerting its main activity as a signal of energy sufficiency [26] with reported cases of severe human obesity due to leptin deficiency, reversible after recombinant leptin administration [27]. This evidence concerns the gene POMC and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.