This antibody may work by targeting both CD4+CCR4+ and CD8+CCR4+ T-cell populations, both of which were shown to be reservoirs containing HTLV-1 proviruses in HAM/TSP patients [60], suggesting a promising new therapeutic approach for HAM/TSP [68] as well as ATLL. Here, CD4 is linked to adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.