HDAC9 and diabetes mellitus: Pan-HDAC and HDAC1- and 3-selective small-molecule HDAC-inhibitors (HDACi) prevent inflammation-induced β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis in cell- and animal-models of diabetes [14,18,19,20] by hyperacetylation, and thereby inactivation, of the master proinflammatory transcription factor Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells (NFκB) p65 subunit [20].