TNF and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: We found significant differences in terms of serum levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα between the CVD–ILD, IPAF, and IPF groups (CXCL9; 82.4, 38.0, and 28.7 pg/ml, CXCL10; 381.2, 141.3, and 80.4 pg/ml, CXCL11; 182.7, 52.6, and 0.0 pg/ml, IL-6 1.5, 0.5, and 0.3 pg/ml, IL-10; 17.4, 14.3, and 9.1 pg/ml, TNFα; 20.2, 11.0, and 6.7 pg/ml).