ATF4 and cancer: High levels of p-4E and p-4E-BP1 (S65/70) are likely required to sustain Myc and ATF4 translation in cancers such as CRC with rare MYC gene rearrangements or amplifications (Vogelstein et al., 2013; Fan et al., 2009; He et al., 1998) and prominent increase in ribosomal biogenesis (Truitt and Ruggero, 2016; Zhang et al., 1997).