TNF and Glucose intolerance: Indeed, Santos et al. [48] demonstrated that oral administration of angiotensin-(1-7), a degradative product of angiotensin II, prevented high-fat diet-induced obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance through downregulation of resistin, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), toll-like receptor 4 (TL4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) levels.