The signaling pathways related to these factors play an important role in DCM, such as the cardiac ubiquitin proteasome system, the FoxO transcription factor signaling pathway, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, the polyol pathway, protein kinase C signaling, NF-κB signaling, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling, Nrf2 pathways, the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, and microRNAs, especially the AMPK signaling pathway [82]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and familial dilated cardiomyopathy.