It is worth noting that elevated levels of GPR40 are also detected on renal epithelial cells in models of kidney fibrosis including unilateral ureteral obstruction, ischemic injury, and adenine-induced nephropathy, where it is deemed protective (17), thus suggesting that this receptor may be upregulated within inflammatory settings to assist, we propose, in resolution and tissue-reparative mechanisms. Here, FFAR1 is linked to Ureteral obstruction.