A phase I trial will test the safety of subcutaneous injection of a plasmid co-encoding for T1D Ag and adjuvant cytokines (NNC0361-0041: plasmid encoding pre-proinsulin, TGF-β1, IL-10, and IL-2, Novo Nordisk A/S, NCT04279613). Here, INS is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.