On the same line, DNA vaccines based on oral administration of recombinant live attenuated bacteria expressing diabetes autoAgs in combination with inhibitory cytokines, such as transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) and IL-10 or with anti-CD3 mAb have also been tested to prevent or revert the onset of diabetes in non obese diabetic (NOD) mice, showing induction of Tregs (both FOXP3-expressing and Tr1 cells) and suppression of autoimmunity (55, 56). Here, FOXP3 is linked to diabetes mellitus.