SH2D3A and severe acute respiratory syndrome: Consistently, the authors then showed that nsp1 expression (by transfection) and live SARS-CoV infection both strongly increased the Calcineurin/NFAT signaling and hence the induction of interleukin-2, further supporting the possible involvement of nsp1 in the virus-induced inflammatory dysregulation (Pfefferle et al., 2011).