CCL5 and Zika virus infectious disease: Similarly to infections in skin fibroblasts (Hamel et al., 2015), ZIKV infection in genital tract epithelial cells strongly enhanced expression of CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and CCL5 to an even greater extent than treatment with the RIG-I agonist, indicating that chemokines are likely induced through multiple signaling pathways in these cells (Figure 2D).