INS and Insulin resistance: The values for irregular menstrual cycles, hirsutism scores, acne scores, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), antral follicle count (AFC), total testosterone (TT), free androgen index (FAI), luteinising hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone (LH/FSH) ratio, fasting insulin (FINS), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were significantly higher, whereas sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) was significantly lower in patients with, compared to without PCOS (controls) (P < 0.05 for all; Table 1).