VDR and male reproductive organ cancer: Recent evidence suggests that vitamin D also has systemic nonskeletal effects that include modulation of cancer cell progression, the cardiovascular system, and multiple autoimmune diseases through the genomic and nongenomic (rapid-response) cellular signaling by regulation of vitamin D receptor (VDR), which is the binding site of the 1,25(OH)2D. VDR has been found in a variety of cells, including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, activated T cells, as well as breast, colon, and prostate cancer cells3,4.