APP and Alzheimer disease: Although there are limited studies on TDP-43 and mitochondrial dynamics in AD-related experimental models, recent studies have reported that TDP-43 increases the expression of Mfn2, and overexpression of wild-type TDP-43 causes mitochondrial enlargement and swollening in the hippocampal neurons of APP/Parkin–presenilin1 (PS1) transgenic mice [71].