Similarly, GTS-21 can inhibit HMGB1 release from immune cells incubated with the inflammatory molecule, LPS (Pavlov et al. 2007; Rosas-Ballina et al. 2009) and decrease serum HMGB1 levels in a mouse model of endotoxemia (Pavlov et al. 2007). This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and serum lipopolysaccharide activity.