The role of the KKS in the pathogenesis of hypertension has been studied by (1) measuring various components of the system, (2) examining bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists, (3) studying mice with B1, B2, or both deleted by homologous recombination, (4) the deletion of the tissue kallikrein gene, and (5) observing rats deficient in kininogen. This evidence concerns the gene KNG1 and hypertensive disorder.