Interestingly, 9 (STAT1, IRF7, MX1, OASL, ISG15, IFIT3, IFIH1, IFIT1, and OAS2) out of the 10 hub genes have been reported to be associated with SLE (except GBP1) previously [4, 11, 27, 28]. This evidence concerns the gene ISG15 and systemic lupus erythematosus.