Taken together, applying established diagnostic criteria for ANA/ENA screening as described above (16), 11/13 ARDS patients (84.6%) and 1/11 non-ARDS patients (11.1%) were classified as ANA-positive (p = 0.002), while 4/10 (40%) of non-COVID-19-associated pneumonia patients were classified as positive (p = 0.039). Here, BTG3 is linked to COVID-19.