AZU1 and leptospirosis: Leptospiral infection induced the release of HBP, increased intracellular Ca2+ and ROS production, and a nonapoptotic effect. High HBP serum levels were found in leptospirosis patients. The lipoproteins Lsa63 and LipL45 were responsible for HBP release and increased endothelial permeability in vitro. Lsa63 led to increased vascular permeability in vivo.