CD38 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Here, we report that NSCLC CD133+CXCR4+ metastasis-initiating cells (MICs) are endowed with immunosuppressive properties allowing them to escape immune control, by the expression of high levels of PD-L1 and CD73/CD38 ectoenzymes, that mediate extracellular adenosine generation (28).