TNF and Alzheimer disease: In this study, gene expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4 IL-13, and TGF-β1 increased in the ten-time challenge model, suggesting that repeated oxazolone application induced AD in a mixed Th1/Th2 pattern [41–43], and PFS significantly suppressed the protein expression of TNF-α, MCP1, IL-4, and IL-6 but augmented IL-10 protein levels.