In preclinical models, ibrutinib synergized with lenalidomide could kill ABC-DLBCL cells by downregulating IRF4 [91]; ibrutinib synergized with bortezomib can increase apoptosis in bortezomib-resistant DLCBL cells via AKT and NF-κB inactivation, downregulation of MCL1, Bcl-xL, XIAP-enhanced DNA damage, and endoplasmic reticulum stress [92]; the combination of ibrutinib and PD-L1 antibody enhanced the modest effects seen with PD-L1 inhibition alone, decreased tumour growth and increased survival even in models that were insensitive to ibrutinib or did not express BTK [93]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.