CXCL12 and neoplasm: Notably, CAFs promote an immunosuppressive microenvironment through induction and accumulation of M2-polarized TAMs.141 CAF-derived chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12)142–144 and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)40,145 are well reported factors that effectively recruit monocytes to the tumor tissue.