BRAF and melanoma: Melanomas harboring activating BRAF-V600E/K mutations (70–88%) can be treated with BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi; e.g. vemurafenib, dabrafenib)3; however, some BRAF-mutant melanomas are intrinsically resistant, and many that respond initially, develop resistance during treatment (median progression-free survival—PFS, 5–7 months)4.