Adiposity and adipose tissue dysfunction, associated with insulin resistance, lead to the release of proinflammatory cytokines and free fatty acids (FA) in the circulation, as well as changes in the production of adipokines (leptin and adiponectin), which likely contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes-induced kidney disease [12,14,15]. The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.