However, our current results demonstrating the therapeutic utility of a single administration of HO-1 lactis in the PPE-induced emphysema model were confirmed by the inhibition of body weight loss (Figure 7), amelioration of alveolar wall destruction (Figure 8), and finally, maintenance of pulmonary function (Figure 9) by attenuating inflammation during the first 3 days after PPE instillation (Figure 6). Here, HMOX1 is linked to pulmonary emphysema.