VEGFA and breast carcinoma: Production of VEGF and expression of VEGFR1 and 2 has been described in breast cancer tissues [98] and in several primary breast cancer cell lines [32], with in vitro studies demonstrating that 125I-labeled VEGF can bind to T-47 D cells and by doing so to induce activation of the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways [76].