CD40LG and melanoma: In a phase I study, 44% of patients with stage III or IV melanoma, who received GM3/VSSP vaccine, i.e., very small proteoliposomes containing GM3 ganglioside with Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane protein complex, showed an anti-GM3 IgM response with serum reactivity against melanoma cell lines and tumor biopsies [118].