Primary G-CSF prophylaxis reduced the risk of neutropenia (55.6% to 31.6%, p = 0.003) and febrile neutropenia (18.5% to 1.8%, p = 0.002) and improved OS (8.8 to 14.7 months; hazard ratio (HR): 1.766, 95% CI: 1.257–2.481, p = 0.001). The gene discussed is CSF3; the disease is neutropenia.