Lastly, GC deficiency also leads to a decrease in the stroke volume and cardiac output, resulting in non-osmotic stimulation of AVP secretion.[28] Green et al found that adrenalectomised rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus showed decreased free water excretion, which was later rectified with GC replacement.[29] This indicates mechanisms that are independent of AVP. This evidence concerns the gene GC and diabetes insipidus.