CASP1 and colitis: Furthermore, CARD-9 and Syk were required for caspase-1 activation and IL-18 release in bone marrow–derived myeloid cells in response to C. albicans. Thus, inflammasome-mediated IL-18 release through the activation of Syk/CARD-9 signalling by commensal gut fungi preserves epithelial barrier function, promotes CD8+ T cell responses, and ultimately, restrains colitis and colon tumorigenesis [39].