Cell-associated HIV RNA had a significant positive association with duration of HIV infection (difference, 7.7% [95% CI, 0.9%-15.0%]; P = .03) and C-reactive protein (difference, 20.7% [95% CI, 0.9%-44.4%] per doubling; P = .04) and a significant negative association with male sex (−89.7% [95% CI, −97.1% to −63.4%]; P < .001) and CD4:CD8 ratio (−44.7% [95% CI, −59.7% to −24.1%] per doubling; P < .001). The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is HIV infectious disease.