Univariate analyses showed that high CHA2DS2-VASc and ATRIA risk scores, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, stroke/TIA, low left ventricular ejection fraction, advanced age, fasting glucose level, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level, 24-hour drainage amount, pumping time, and male gender were significantly associated with a higher risk of development of POAF (Table 3). The gene discussed is GPT; the disease is congestive heart failure.