There are some nanoprobes developed to evaluate atherosclerosis, such as dextranated-DTPA-modified magneto-fluorescent nanoparticles labeled with 64Cu that show accumulation in the aortic root and arch of atherosclerotic arteries of Apo E-/-, and CLIO (cross-linked iron oxide)-Cy5.5 iron oxide nanoparticle linked a peptide sequence that binds VCAM-1 (Vascular cell adhesion protein 1), which is a biomarker for atherosclerosis. This evidence concerns the gene APOE and atherosclerosis.