They observed that NPs containing higher amounts of peptide (25%) demonstrated the highest specificity for Apo E-/-, suggesting a potential use for detection of atherosclerosis status and progression (Delgado et al., 2000; Subramanian et al., 2010; Criscione et al., 2011; Liu et al., 2011; Seo et al., 2014; Woodard et al., 2016). This evidence concerns the gene APOE and atherosclerosis.