Interestingly, metformin (the first-line drug for type 2 diabetes) was found to improve metabolic syndrome and pulmonary pressures in these models through modulation of leptin, adiponectin, as well as other mechanisms involving, at least in part, suppression of interleukin-6-associated inflammation and activation of sirtuin-3-mediated skeletal muscle glucose uptake (89, 90). The gene discussed is SIRT3; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.