NPPB and hydrops fetalis: Using a BNP cutoff value of > 100 pg/ml, an analysis from the Northwestern University HFpEF Program reported that up to 70% of patients with confirmed HFpEF have elevated BNP, which is associated with significantly higher mPAP, RA pressure, and PVR, along with higher rates of HF hospitalization, cardiovascular hospitalization, and death compared to HFpEF patients with “normal” BNP (≤ 100 pg/ml) (41).