SMAD4 and neoplasm: According to Table 2, which includes studies on involvement of RAGE signaling pathways in colorectal cancer tumorigenesis, tumor growth, migration, and invasion, RAGE has been reported to drive assorted signaling pathways, including activation of activator protein 1 (AP-1), NF-κB, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), SMAD family member 4 (Smad4), MAPKs, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K), reticular-activating system (Ras), Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and even microRNAs (Figure 2).