Also, the upregulation of RAGE is seen during diverse pathological events, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), stroke, sepsis, diabetes, renal disease, Alzheimer disease (AD), heart failure, osteoarthritis, atherosclerosis, peripheral vascular disease, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, Takayasu arteritis, and cancer (17, 21, 26–28). The gene discussed is AGER; the disease is diabetes mellitus.