HMGB1 and cancer: HMGB1 is released from dying cells by chemotherapeutic drugs in conditioned medium and interacted with RAGE, signals ERK1/2 activation to phosphorylate Drp1 at residue S616, triggering mitochondria fission and autophagy, and promotes chemoresistance and regrowth in the surviving cancer cells, leading to poor survival outcome in locally advanced rectal cancer.