TGFB1 and melanoma: Furthermore, chitinase-3-like protein 1 can activate macrophage mitogen-activated protein kinase, protein kinase B/AKT, and Wnt/b-catenin signaling and regulate oxidant injury, apoptosis, pyroptosis, inflammasome activation, antibacterial responses, melanoma metastasis, and TGF-b1 production via IL-13Ra2–dependent mechanisms.