CKD and ESKD were associated with increased frequency of exhausted CD4+ T cells (CD4+KLRG1+PD1+CD57−) and CD8+ T cells (CD8+KLRG1+PD1+CD57−), as well as anergic CD4+ T cells (CD4+KLRG1−PD1+CD57−) and CD8+ T cells (CD8+KLRG1−PD1+CD57−). This evidence concerns the gene KLRG1 and chronic kidney disease.