TNF and myocardial infarction: In support of this interpretation, elevated levels of TNF-α have been found in patients with heart disease, such as myocarditis, and were negatively correlated with left ventricular systolic function (69).The increased expression of ADAM17 was reported in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in patients with congestive heart failure, as well as in malignant recurrent ventricular arrhythmia after acute myocardial infarction (70, 71).