Furthermore, overexpression of CXCL9, –10 and –11 have all been reported to lead to various degrees of tumor growth inhibition in preclinical models, such as for example the oncolytic poxvirus-mediated delivery of CXCL11 in a mesothelioma disease model, causing induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the TME and periphery (30). Here, CXCL9 is linked to neoplasm.