Multiple phase III clinical trials investigating the use of anti-CTLA drugs, such as tremelimumab and ipilimumab, as monotherapy or in combination with other ICBs are currently underway (19, 85), with a recent FDA’s approval for the combination of ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) and nivolumab (anti-PD-1) in sorafenib-experienced advanced HCC patients (19). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.