It has also been shown that intratumoral injection of MVA generated adaptive anti-tumor immunity in melanoma and colon cancer that was dependent on STING (169) and a GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor)-secreting vaccine showed increased anti-tumor efficacy when formulated with STING CDN agonists (170). The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is malignant colon neoplasm.