The more severe form of PCM, the acute form, has been characterized by IL-4 with IL-18 inducing a Th2 immune response (high levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13), by IL-4 and TGF-β inducing a Th9 pattern (high levels of IL-9), and both Th2 and Th9 inhibiting the Th1 response. This evidence concerns the gene IL4 and paracoccidioidomycosis.