Similarly to our results, the mutant allele/genotype of IL18-607 C/A is also associated with more severe outcomes in other infectious diseases: higher virus shedding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated (SARS) coronavirus in Taiwan, lipodystrophy syndrome on HIV-positive Brazilian individuals, immune restoration disease on HIV–tuberculosis coinfected Indian patients, bacterial infections after liver transplantation in China, and hepatitis C–related hepatocellular carcinoma in Egypt (63–67). Here, IL18 is linked to hepatitis C virus infection.