The underlying molecular mechanisms involved the decrease of the protein levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and rat sarcoma (Ras) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells (Lin et al., 2016), activation of the Nrf2–antioxidant response element pathway in head and neck cancer cells (Roh et al., 2017) and the ATF4-CHOP-CHAC1 pathway in Burkitt’s lymphoma (Wang N. et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene GPX4 and head and neck cancer.